A hypertensive patient presented to a clinic complaining of hematuria. Few days later the patient died suddenly. The postmortem analysis of the kidney showed a flea bitten appearance. Name the cause?

A. Acute Glomerulonephritis
B. Malignant nephrosclerosis
C. Lupus nephritis
D. Diabetic nephropathy

Ans: Malignant Nephrosclerosis

Long term hypertension can cause various problems like hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy,  hypertensive nephrosclerosis. 

Due to hypertension——- arterial thickening—— inadequate blood flow and ischemia to kidney—— fibrinoid necrosis—— glomerular damage leading to hematuria and proteinuria

Due to kidney ischemia—- renin angiotensin mechanism activates—- causes renal vasoconstriction and salt retention—- elevates BP further

The flea bitten appearance is due to pin point petechiae on the cortex